Sebagai pelopor mall online terbesar & terlengkap di Indonesia, Blibli.com yang memiliki slogan “Big Choices, Big Deals” hadir dengan beragam kategori pilihan. Web Site berita Islam Indonesia, berita jihad dan berita dunia Islam. Dilengkapi artikel keislaman, konsultasi agama, kristologi, counter liberalisme, intelligent. Halaman selamat datang baru di Yahoo. Pengalaman baru Yahoo memudahkan pencarian berita dan informasi yang sangat ingin Anda baca. Ini adalah web yang dipesan untuk Anda. Sildenafil, sold as the brand name Viagra among others, is a medication used to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension. Its effectiveness for. Sildenafil - Wikipedia. Sildenafil. Clinical data. Pronunciationsil- DEN- . Caution is advised in those who have cardiovascular disease. Rare but serious side effects include prolonged erections, which can lead to damage to the penis, and sudden- onset hearing loss. Sildenafil should not be taken by people who take nitrates such as nitroglycerin (glycerin trinitrate), as this may result in a severe and potentially fatal drop in blood pressure. Its use is now one of the standard treatment for erectile dysfunction, including for men with diabetes mellitus. In July 2. 00. 5, the FDA found that sildenafil could lead to vision impairment in rare cases. Protease inhibitors inhibit the metabolism of sildenafil, effectively multiplying the plasma levels of sildenafil, increasing the incidence and severity of side effects. Those using protease inhibitors are recommended to limit their use of sildenafil to no more than one 2. In one study, a 2. Golombek of Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina, for their discovery that sildenafil helps treat jet lag recovery in hamsters. In turn, they believe it will enhance their performances. However, at least one court case has resulted in a product being taken off the market. Nitric oxide (NO) in the corpus cavernosum of the penis binds to guanylate cyclase receptors, which results in increased levels of c. GMP, leading to smooth muscle relaxation (vasodilation) of the intimal cushions of the helicine arteries. This smooth muscle relaxation leads to vasodilation and increased inflow of blood into the spongy tissue of the penis, causing an erection. Furchgott, Ferid Murad, and Louis Ignarro won the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1. Sildenafil is a potent and selective inhibitor of c. GMP- specific phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5), which is responsible for degradation of c. GMP in the corpus cavernosum. The molecular structure of sildenafil is similar to that of c. ![]() ![]() ![]() GMP and acts as a competitive binding agent of PDE5 in the corpus cavernosum, resulting in more c. GMP and better erections. Other drugs that operate by the same mechanism include tadalafil (Cialis) and vardenafil (Levitra). Sildenafil is broken down in the liver by hepatic metabolism using cytochrome p. CYP4. 50 3. A4(major route), but also by CYP2. C9 (minor route) hepatic isoenzymes. Templateism has relieved my headache by providing awesome and SEO optimized Blogger templates for my blogger websites. Now I don't need to hire a designer! The major product of metabolisation by these enzymes is N- desmethylated sildenafil, which is metabolised further. This metabolite also has an affinity for the PDE receptors, about 4. Thus, the metabolite is responsible for about 2. Sildenafil is excreted as metabolites predominantly in the feces (about 8. If taken with a high- fat meal, absorption is reduced; the time taken to reach the maximum plasma concentration increases by around one hour, and the maximum concentration itself is decreased by nearly one- third. It was initially studied for use in hypertension (high blood pressure) and angina pectoris (a symptom of ischaemic heart disease). The first clinical trials were conducted in Morriston Hospital in Swansea. The drug was patented in 1. FDA on March 2. 7, 1. United States, and offered for sale in the United States later that year. Numerous sites on the Internet offer Viagra for sale after an . Viagra is also informally known as . Men between the ages of 3. The substance is the same under both trade names. The patent was published in 1. The patent on Revatio (indicated for pulmonary arterial hypertension rather than erectile dysfunction) expired in late 2. Generic versions of this low- dose form of sildenafil have been available in the U. S. This patent was published in 2. Teva sued to have the latter patent invalidated, but Pfizer prevailed in an August 2. The decision, Teva Canada Ltd. Pfizer Canada Inc., pointed to section 2. The Patent Act which requires that disclosure must include sufficient information . This, in my view, is the key issue in this appeal. Trade names include Kamagra (Ajanta Pharma), Silagra (Cipla), Edegra (Sun Pharmaceutical), Penegra (Zydus Cadila), and Zenegra (Alkem Laboratories). China. Manufacture and sale of sildenafil citrate drugs is common in China, where Pfizer's patent claim is not widely enforced. Other countries. Egypt approved Viagra for sale in 2. Pfizer's price. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. Full Prescribing Information. Division of Pfizer, Inc., NY, NY 1. Retrieved 5 November 2. The American Society of Health- System Pharmacists. Retrieved Dec 1, 2. International Journal of Impotence Research. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (1): CD0. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (5): CD0. Retrieved 5 November 2. Retrieved 5 November 2. Wilderness & Environmental Medicine. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. PDE- 5 inhibitors appear to have significant but moderate efficacy in secondary . Phosphodiesterase inhibitors (e. Retrieved 5 November 2. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 2. October 2. 01. 6. Retrieved 5 November 2. Food and Drug Administration. Archived from the original on 2. October 2. 01. 6. Retrieved 5 November 2. The American Journal of Cardiology. Use of Sildenafil (Viagra) in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Retrieved 5 November 2. J Am Pharm Assoc (2. Retrieved 1. 5 July 2. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part A. Forensic Science International. Baselt, Disposition of Toxic Drugs and Chemicals in Man, 9th edition, Biomedical Publications, Seal Beach, CA, 2. J.; Hwang, K.; Jeon, Y.; Lee, J. S.; Kim, J.; Moon, J.; Yoon, J.; Hyun, Y. L.; Kim, E.; Eum, S.; Park, S. O.; Lee, T.; Ro, S.; Cho, J. Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board. Archived from the original on 2. September 2. 00. 8. Retrieved 6 August 2. Our clinicians regularly offer patients the opportunity to take part in trials of new drugs and treatments. Morriston Hospital in Swansea, was the first in the world to trial Viagra! Retrieved 1. 5 July 2. British Medical Journal. Health Aff (Millwood). Medical Marketing & Media. Archived from the original on 2. Chemical & Engineering News. Retrieved 2. 6 December 2. Retrieved 1. 0 January 2. Retrieved 2. 7 December 2. Retrieved 2. 7 December 2. Retrieved 1. 0 January 2. Retrieved 1. 0 January 2. Retrieved 1. 3 June 2. London: Telegraph Media Group Limited. Archived from the original on 2. August 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 1. February 2. 00. 9. Archived from the original on 2. June 2. 00. 7. Retrieved 1. February 2. 00. 9. Retrieved 1. 5 July 2. Zacks Equity Research. Canadian Technology & IP Law. Ratiopharm Inc., 2. FC 6. 12. Pfizer Canada Inc. SCC 6. 0 at par. 8. November 2. 01. 2)^John Spears (2. Retrieved April 1, 2. Retrieved 1. 5 July 2. External links. 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